Dr1 is a general negative regulator of class II and class III gene expression (1, 2). It binds to the basic repeat domain of TBP on promoter DNA and can prevent the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, or its TFIIB and/or TFIIA subunits, from assembling into an initiation complex (3, 4). Dr1 is phosphorylated in vivo and this modification affects its interaction with TBP (1). In addition, Dr1 interacts with the hyperphosphorylated form of Pol II and with the repression domain of the AREB6 repressor (5, 6). Dr1 forms a heterodimer complex with DRAP1 through its histone fold domain (7). More recently it was discovered that Dr1-DRAP1 is a bi-functional basal transcription factor that differentially regulates gene transcription through DPE (downstream promoter elements) or TATA box motifs (8). It can stimulate transcription in vitro from Drosophila promoters containing DPEs, whereas it represses transcription from TATA-containing promoters (8).

Gene synonym include: NC2; NC2-BETA and down-regulator of transcription 1, TBP-binding(negative cofactor 2).

Recombinant GST-Dr1 is isolated from an E. coli strain that carries the coding sequence of the human Dr1 under the control of a T7 promoter.
GST-Dr1 has been applied in protein-protein interactions assays.
The purified fusion protein is greater than 95% homogeneous based on SDS-PAGE analysis.
1 unit equals 1 nanogram of purified protein. 100 units (ng) are sufficient for a protein-protein interaction assay.
variable in different lots
1x dilution buffer A: 20 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8.0), 20% Glycerol, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM DTT and 0.2 mM EDTA

References:
1. Inostroza, J.A., et al., (1992) Cell 70, 477-489
2. White, R.J., et al., (1994) Science 266, 448-451
3. Mermelstein, F., et al., (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1033-1048
4. Kim, T.K., et al., (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10976-10981
5. Castano, E., et al., (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7184-7189
6. Ikeda, K., et al., (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 10-18
7. Goppelt, A., et al., (1996) EMBO J. 15, 3105-3116
8. Willy, P. J., et al., (2000) Science 290, 982-985

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